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Current Transducer LAX SERIES
Ref: LAX 100-NP
IPN = 16 - 100 A
For the electronic measurement of currents: DC, AC, pulsed .... , with a galvanic isolation between the primary circuit (high power) and the secondary circuit (electronic circuit).
Maxi. 16.5 mm
Features
* Closed loop (compensated) current transducer using the * * * *
hall effect Printed circuit board mounting Isolated plastic case recognized according to UL 94-V0 Multirange with a single device: 16, 25, 33, 50 and 100 A rms 3 independent primary jumpers.
Applications
* * * * * *
AC variable speed drives and servo motor drives Static converters for DC motor drives Battery supplied applications Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) Power supplies for welding applications.
Advantages
* * * * * * * * *
Excellent accuracy Very good linearity Low temperature drift Optimized response time Wide frequency bandwidth No insertion losses High immunity to external interference Current overload capability Height less than 16.5 mm for a simplified integration with power modules * Low primary inductance.
Standards
* EN 50178 * UL508 - UR marking * IEC 61010-1-safety.
Application Domain
* Industrial.
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LAX series 16-100 A Electrical data
At TA = 25C, VC = 15 V and RM = 50 , NP = 1 turn, high speed PCB design (see page 11), unless otherwise noted. Parameters with a * in the conditions column apply over the - 40C.. 85C ambient temperature range.
Parameter Primary nominal current rms Primary current, measuring range Symbol Unit IPN IPM At At 160 49 Measuring resistance RM 0 0 Secondary nominal current rms Supply voltage Current consumption Electrical offset current ISN VC IC IOE mA V mA A -150 11.4 10 + IS 0 31 41 Magnetic offset current IOM A 100 120 -200 Temperature variation of IO IOT A -330 -500 Sensitivity Primary turns Sensitivity error G NP mA/At 1 % % of range % s A/s -0.47 0.1 0.06 0.11 Overall accuracy Reaction time di/dt accurately followed XG tra di/dt -0.91 0.1 > 100 0.17 Output current noise Ino Arms 0.17 0.11 Secondary coil resistance RS 60
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Mini
Typ
Maxi 100 * 51 51 15 * * *
Conditions
Apply derating according to fig. 2 VC = 15 V 5% VC = 15 V 5%, IPM measuring range, DC primary current VC = 15 V 5%, IPM measuring range, AC primary current VC = 12 V 5%, IPM measuring range, DC or AC primary current at 100 At
50 15.75 12 + IS +150 65 70 230 250 200 330 500 0.5 3 0.47 0.28 0.14 0.32 0.91 *
VC = full range after a cycle to 50 A after a cycle to 100 A after a cycle to 300 A after a cycle to 500 A 0C .. + 70C, VC = full range - 25C .. + 85C, VC = full range - 40C .. + 85C, VC = full range
G L
100 A range 50 A range 100 A range 100 A range, low speed 1 turn PCB design = IOE +
Linearity error
G + L
high and low speed PCB designs, dIP/dt = 100 A/s
0.1 Hz < f < 49 Hz, IP = 0 51 Hz < f < 1 kHz, IP = 0 1 kHz < f < 100 kHz, IP = 0
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LAX series 16-100 A Electrical data (continued)
Symbol Unit NP 1 turn Response time to 90 % of IPN step (typical) tr s 2 turns 3 turns Frequency bandwidth (typical) BW kHz 1 turn > 300 > 300 Frequency bandwidth (typical) BW kHz 2 turns > 300 > 300 Frequency bandwidth (typical) BW kHz 3 turns > 300 > 300 IP = 8.3 A, -3 dB > 300 50 IP = 12.5 A, -3 dB IP = 8.3 A, -1 dB 146 60 IP = 25 A, -3 dB IP = 12.5 A, -1 dB High speed PCB design 0.1 0.1 0.1 > 300 Low speed PCB design 12 0.2 0.2 12.2 IP = 25 A, -1 dB dIP/dt = 100 A/s Conditions
Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol Prim a ry AC current rm s (3 prim a ry jumpers in parallel) Prim a ry continuous direct current (3 primary jumpers in parallel) Prim a ry DC or rm s current (each jumper) Maxim u m s u p p l y voltage (not operating) Minimum measuring resistance Maxim u m b u s b a r temperature (jumper) Ambient operating tem p e rature Ambient s torage temperature TA TS VC RM mini Unit Conditions 100 A up to T A = 70C. Linear derating to 70 A at 85C. See figure 2 100 A up to T A = 50C. Linear derating to 50 A at 85C. See figure 2 above value divided by 3 20 See m e a s u ring res istance in "Electrical data" table 100 - 40 .. + 85 - 40 .. + 90
IPN
A
IPN DC
A
A V C C C
Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may degrade reliability.
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LAX series 16-100 A Isolation characteristics
Symbol Rms voltage for AC isolation test, 50 Hz, 1 min, between primary and secondary Impulse withstand voltage 1.2/50 s Partial discharge extinction voltage rms @ 10pC Creepage distance Clearance distance Comparative Tracking Index Vd Vw Ve dCp dCI CTI Unit kV kV kV mm mm V Value 3.5 8 > 1.3 8 8 600
Isolation application example
The transducer can be used according to EN 50178 and IEC 61010-1 standards under following conditions (for example):
* * * * *
Rated isolation voltage: 600 V Reinforced isolation Over voltage category OV III Pollution degree PD2 Non-uniform field
The creepage distance and clearance of the transducer mounted on a PCB are greater than 8 mm only if the primary circuit tracks stay out of the shaded area shown below:
Figure 1: zone not permitted for primary tracks (to guarantee rated creepage and clearance)
Page 4/12
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LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them, without prior notice.
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LAX series 16-100 A Typical performance characteristics
Electrical offset drift (uA)
120 Maximum primary rms current (At) 100 80 60 40 20 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 Ambient temperature (C)
Figure 2: Current derating
600 Maxi 400 200 0 -200 -50 -400 -600 Ambient temperature (C) -25 0 25 50 75 100 Mini
AC DC
VC = 11.4 to 15.75 V
Figure 3: Electrical offset drift
Minimum measuring resistance (DC current only) (Ohm)
Maximum measuring resistance (Ohm)
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5 Maximum power supply Vc (V) TA = -40 .. 85 C
250 200 150 100 50 TA = -40 .. 85 C 0 0
Vc = 15 V 5% Vc = 12 V 5%
50 100 150 Measuring range (At)
200
Figure 4: Minimum measuring resistance (DC)
Figure 5: Maximum measuring resistance
0.8 Maximum linearity error (% of measuring range) Np = 1, Low speed PCB 0.6 0.4 Np = 1, High speed PCB
Typical consumption current (mA)
11 10 9 8 7
0.2 TA = 25 C 0.0 0 50 100 150 Measuring range (A)
TA = 25 C, IP = 0
11
12
13
14
15
16
Supply voltage ( V)
Figure 6: Linearity error
Figure 7: Consumption current
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LAX series 16-100 A Typical performance characteristics (continued)
Linearity error (% of 100 A)
0.1 0.05 0 -100 -50 -0.05 -0.1 Primary current (A)
Figure 8: Typical linearity error for high speed 1 turn PCB design
1 0 Gain (dB) -1 -2 -3 -4 100 1000 10000 0 -5 Gain (dB) Phase () -10 -15
IP = 25 A
Linearity error (% of 100 A)
0.15 0.1 0.05 0 -100 -50 -0.05 0 -0.1 -0.15 Primary current (A)
Figure 9:
6 4 2 0 -2 -4 10000 IP = 1.6 A Gain Phase -40 -60 -80 100000 1000000 Frequency (Hz) Figure 11: Typical frequency response (high speed 1 turn PCB design) (IP = 1.6 A)
20 0 Phase () Gain Phase 0 -2 -4 10000 100000 Frequency (Hz) IP = 1.6 A -40 -60 -80 1000000 -20
0
50
100
50
100
Typical linearity error for low speed 1 turn PCB design
20 0 -20 Phase ()
Gain Phase
-20 -25 100000 1000000 Frequency (Hz) Figure 10: Typical frequency response (high speed 1 turn PCB design) (IP = 25 A)
1 0 Gain (dB) -1 Gain -2 -3 IP = 25 A -4 100 1000 10000 Frequency (Hz) Phase
0 -5
Gain (dB)
6 4
Phase ()
-10 -15 -20 -25 100000 1000000
2
Figure 12: Typical frequency response (low speed 1 turn PCB design) (IP = 25 A)
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Figure 13: Typical frequency response (low speed 1 turn PCB design) (IP = 1.6 A)
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LAX series 16-100 A Typical performance characteristics (continued)
Output (10 mA/div)
Input (20 A/div)
200 ns/div
Figure 14: Typical di/dt follow-up (high speed 1 turn PCB design)
Input (20 A/div)
Input (20 A/div) Output (10 mA/div) Output (10 mA/div)
200 ns/div
10 s/div
Figure 15: Typical di/dt follow-up (low speed 1 turn PCB design)
Figure 16: Typical di/dt follow-up (low speed 1 turn PCB design)
Page 7/12
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LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them, without prior notice.
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LAX series 16-100 A
Performance parameters definition
The schematic used to measure all electrical parameters is: ( 1 = C2 = 100 nF, RM = 50 unless otherwise noted): C
+VC IP + M IS RM C1 0V C2
This model is valid for primary ampere-turns P between -Pmaxi and +Pmaxi only. At zero input current, the model for the offset is reduced to: IS = IOE + IOT(TA) + IOM(Pmaxi) In which IOM(Pmaxi) is the magnetic offset current due to the maximum input ampere-turns that have been applied to the transducer.
-
-VC
Sensitivity and linearity
To measure sensitivity and linearity, the primary current (DC) is cycled from 0 to IP, then to -IP and back to 0 (equally spaced IP/ 10 steps). The sensitivity G is defined as the slope of the linear regression line for a cycle between IPN. The linearity error L is the maximum positive or negative difference between the measured points and the linear regression line, expressed in % of the maximum measured value.
Figure 17 : standard characterization schematics
Ampere-turns and amperes
The LAX transducer is sensitive to the primary current linkage P (also called ampere-turns).
P = NPIP (At)
With NP the number of primary turn (1, 2 or 3 depending on the connection of the primary jumpers) Warning : As most LAX user will use it with only one single primary turn (NP = 1), most of this datasheet is written with primary currents instead of current linkages. The unit is kept as ampere-turn (At) to make clear that ampere-turns are meant.
Magnetic offset
The magnetic offset current IOM is the consequence of a current on the primary side ("memory effect" of the transducer's ferromagnetic parts). It is included in the linearity figure but can be measured individually. It is measured using the following primary current cycle. IOM depends on the current value IP1.
I OM = Is (t1 ) - Is (t 2 ) 2
Transducer simplified model
The static model of the transducer at temperature TA is: IS = G P + error In which With : error = IOE + IOT(TA) +
G
+ P
(
L
IP (DC)
IP1 0A -IP1
)Pmaxi Pmaxi
P = NPIP : the input ampere-turns (At) Pmaxi
IS TA IOE IOT(TA) G : : : : : : Please read above warning. the maxi input ampere-turns that have been applied to the transducer (At) the secondary current (A) the ambient temperature (C) the electrical offset current (A) the temperature variation of I at O temperature TA (A) the sensitivity of the transducer (A/At) the sensitivity error the linearity error for Pmaxi
t2
t1 t
t
Ip(3)
Figure 18: current cycle used to measure magnetic and electrical offset (transducer supplied)
G : L (Pmaxi) :
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LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them, without prior notice.
www.lem.com
LAX series 16-100 A
Performance parameters definition (continued)
Electrical offset
The electrical offset current IOE can either be measured when the ferro-magnetic parts of the transducer are:
Response and reaction times
The response time tr and the reaction time tra are shown in the next figure. Both depend on the primary current di/dt. They are measured at nominal ampere-turns. The "di/dt accurately followed" mentionned in the electrical data table is defined as the di/dt of the primary current for which the response time is equal to 1 s.
* completely demagnetized, which is difficult to realize, or * in a known magnetization state, like in the current cycle
shown above. Using the current cycle shown in figure 18, the electrical offset is: Is (t1 ) + Is (t 2 ) I = OE 2 The temperature variation I OT of the electrical offset current IOE is the variation of the electrical offset from 25C to the considered temperature:
I OT (T ) = I OE (T ) - I OE (25C )
I
100 % 90 %
Ip tr
10 %
Is
tra
Note: the transducer has to be demagnetized prior to the application of the current cycle (for example with a demagnetization tunnel).
t
Figure 19: response time tr and reaction time tra
Overall accuracy
The overall accuracy at 25C XG is the error in the - IPN .. + IPN range, relative to the rated value IPN. It includes: * the electrical offset IOE * the sensitivity error G * the linearity error L (to IPN) The magnetic offset is part of the overall accuracy. It is taken into account in the linearity error figure provided the transducer has not been magnetized by a current higher than IPN.
Page 9/12
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LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them, without prior notice.
www.lem.com
LAX series 16-100 A Application data
The LAX 100-NP has been designed to be used at nominal currents from 16 to 100 A. The 3 primary jumpers allow the adaptation of the number of primary turns NP to the application so as to achieve the best compromise between nominal current, measuring range and secondary current:
Primary current, measuring range IPM (A) 160 160 80 53 75 50 Primary coil resistance @ 20C RP () 90 90 400 800 400 800
Primary nominal current rms IPN (A) 100 50 33.3 33.3 25 16.7
Number of primary turns NP 1 1 2 3 2 3
Secondary nominal current rms ISN (mA) 50 25 33.3 50 25 25
Primary insertion inductance LP (nH) 15 15 60 136 60 136
Connections (see PCB layout )
IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
See also the paragraph "performance parameters definition: transducer simplified model" for more details about ampereturns and output current.
High and low speed PCB designs
The PCB design is very important to achieve good linearity and frequency response with the LAX 100-NP. High speed designs are best for accuracy, high frequency response and low response times.
High speed design
Low speed design
IP
IP
Page 10/12
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LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them, without prior notice.
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LAX series 16-100 A High and low speed PCB designs
High speed PCB designs (recommended) High speed 1 turn
Low speed PCB designs Low speed 1 turn
High speed 2 turns
Low speed 2 turns
High speed 3 turns
Low speed 3 turns
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Dimensions LAX 100-NP (in mm. General linear tolerance 0.15 mm)
Assembly on PCB
Safety
* Recommended PCB hole diameter 2 mm (0/+0.1) for primary pins 1 mm (0/+0.1) for secondary pins * Maximum PCB thickness 2.4 mm This transducer must be used in electric/electronic equipment with respect * Solder temperature maximum 270C for 15 s (wave to applicable standards and safety requirements in accordance with the soldering) following manufacturer's operating instructions. * No-clean process only
Remarks
* IS is positive (sourcing) when IP flows in the direction of the arrow * Mass: 20 g Caution, risk of electrical shock When operating the transducer, certain parts of the module can carry hazardous voltage (eg. primary busbar, power supply). Ignoring this warning can lead to injury and/or cause serious damage. This transducer is a built-in device, whose conducting parts must be inaccessible after installation. A protective housing or additional shield could be used. Main supply must be able to be disconnected.
Page 12/12
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LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them, without prior notice.
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